Multi-target RNA interference: A disruptive next-generation strategy for precision treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

作者：Yu Shan, Jianan Zhao, Kai Wei, Ping Jiang, Yiming Shi, Cen Chang, Yixin Zheng, Fuyu Zhao, Yunshen Li, Bingheng He, Mi Zhou, Jia Jia Liu, Li Li, Shicheng Guo, Dongyi He · 发表于：International Immunopharmacology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114890 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Viral Infections and Immunology Research、Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies、RNA Interference and Gene Delivery

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation. Existing therapeutic regimens, including disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics, exhibit incomplete efficacy and pronounced limitations. RNA interference (RNAi) utilizing small interfering RNA (siRNA) facilitates the precise silencing of key pathological drivers in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins IL-1 and IL-6, as well as pivotal inflammatory pathways including NF-κB. This comprehensive systematic review meticulously analyzes 140 studies focusing on therapeutic siRNA for RA. The utilization of siRNA in RA involves the profound inhibition of macrophage and fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) activation through the strategic targeting of TNF, RELA, and MAPK/JAK signaling pathways. In addition, siRNA diminishes inflammatory responses by suppressing critical inflammasome constituents like NLRP3 and fosters the reestablishment of immune equilibrium via downregulation of Th17 differentiation factors and augmentation of regulatory T cell (Treg) functions. It also directly reduces the aggressiveness of FLS by inhibiting pathological signaling components such as CCN1, KHDRBS1 and E2F2. Experimental studies in rodent models have demonstrated that targeted delivery of siRNA via nanoparticles against pathogenic mediators significantly suppresses paw inflammation and mitigates joint destruction. Although challenges such a...