Lactobacilli-Mediated Regulation of the Microbial–Immune Axis: A Review of Key Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, and Application Prospects

作者：Hongfei Ji, Hongfei Ji, Mei Li, Han Xiao, Yuting Fan, Jiajing Yang, Long Yan, Juan Yu, Haiyu Ji, Haiyu Ji · 发表于：Foods · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/foods14101763 · 被引用次数：21 · 研究领域：Probiotics and Fermented Foods、Gut microbiota and health、Pediatric health and respiratory diseases

Lactobacilli, as the main member of food microorganisms, is an important component of the intestinal microbial community and plays crucial roles in regulating the immune capacity of the body. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the key components of Lactobacilli-mediated immune regulation effects, including the immunogenic components (peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid) and metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, and exopolysaccharides), which can interact with host immune cell receptors to initiate complex immune signaling pathways. In addition, the immunomodulatory activity can be influenced by multiple factors including species differences, host-related factors (age, physiological conditions, and gut microbiota), and environmental factors (nutrient substrates, temperatures, etc.), and the application strategies including precision probiotic development, gene-editing driven engineering, and nanocarrier systems have also been proposed to enhance the immunomodulatory potential. Finally, this review provides the theoretical basis for microbial intervention in immune-related diseases and offers prospects for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.