Emissions and potential tracer screening of semivolatile/intermediate-volatility organic compounds from urban vehicle fleets

作者：Yajun Wu, Jianfei Peng, Xiaoguo Wang, Peiji Liu, Yan Liu, Fuyang Zhang, Jinsheng Zhang, Bin Sun, Jingqiao Zhang, Kai Song, Pengfei Song, Lin Wu, Ting Wang, Song Guo, Hongjun Mao · 发表于：npj Climate and Atmospheric Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41612-025-01078-w · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Vehicle emissions and performance、Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols、Air Quality and Health Impacts

Semi-/intermediate volatile organic compounds (S/IVOCs) are important precursors for secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and ozone formation. Vehicle emissions from real-world vehicle fleets are significant anthropogenic source, but their emission profiles and chemical fingerprints remain inadequately characterized. Here, we combined tunnel observation with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to investigate vehicular S/IVOCs emissions. We identified 256 vehicle-related compounds with fleet-average emission factors (EFs) of 16.4 ± 12.1 mg·km −1 ·veh − 1 , comprising 67.2% VOCs, 24.3% IVOCs, and 8.5% SVOCs. VOCs accounted for the majority of ozone formation potential (OFP, 84.8%), whereas VOCs, IVOCs, and SVOCs contributed to SOA formation potential at different times. Importantly, our speciated-based SOA estimation enhanced SOA production estimates by 44.1–76.9% compared to traditional approach. We identified eight potential vehicle-related tracers in S/IVOC range through volcano plots and hierarchical clustering analysis, which could benefit future source apportionments. Our work also offers a novel perspective for screening tracers from various sources beyond vehicle-related emissions.