Platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes accelerate the healing of diabetic foot ulcers by promoting macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype

作者：Lingfeng He, Nan Zhao, Xiaoling Chen, Wenjie Zhang, Kun Lv, Yuanhong Xu · 发表于：Clinical and Experimental Medicine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1007/s10238-025-01651-w · 被引用次数：17 · 研究领域：Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management、Wound Healing and Treatments、Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) impose a significant clinical and socioeconomic burden on patients and healthcare systems. Although platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes (PRP-Exos) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in tissue regeneration, the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of PRP and PRP-Exos-particularly their role in macrophage polarization-remain poorly understood. In this study, we isolated and characterized PRP-Exos and systematically evaluated their therapeutic potential in diabetic wound healing via comprehensive in vivo and in vitro experiments. Our results revealed that both PRP-gel and PRP-Exos significantly enhanced diabetic wound healing by promoting macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. These findings suggest that PRP-Exos represent a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for DFUs, providing a robust rationale for future clinical translation.