The Effectiveness of Time-Restricted Eating as an Intermittent Fasting Approach on Shift Workers’ Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

作者：Jia Ying Jennell Koh, Celine Yu Han Tan, Meng Li, Mei Hui Liu, Han Shi Jocelyn Chew · 发表于：Nutrients · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/nu17101689 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Dietary Effects on Health、Diet and metabolism studies、Circadian rhythm and melatonin

Background/Objectives: Shift workers face higher risks of impaired glucose metabolism due to irregular eating habits and circadian misalignment. Time-restricted eating (TRE) could improve glucose metabolism by aligning food intake with the circadian clock, but its effectiveness remains unclear. Methods: Ten electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Science.gov, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from journal inception to September 2024. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving shift workers were included. Meta-analyses with sensitivity analyses were conducted using a random-effects model to pool glucose metabolism and sleep outcomes, with heterogeneity and quality assessments performed. Results: Six RCTs were included. TRE demonstrated positive but non-significant effects on glucose metabolism outcomes: fasting blood glucose (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.02 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.13 to 0.10, I2 = 0%), fasting blood insulin (WMD: −5.77 pmol/L, 95% CI: −85.62 to 74.08, I2 = 92%), HOMA-IR (WMD: −0.50, 95% CI: −2.76 to 1.76, I2 = 82%), 2 h postprandial glucose (WMD: −0.65 mmol/L, 95% CI: −3.18 to 1.89, I2 = 86%), total sleep time (g = 0.07, 95% CI: −0.23 to 0.37, I2 = 0%), and sleep efficiency (g = −0.05, 95% CI: −0.63 to 0.53, I2 = 62%). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar findings, and overall certainty of evidence was rated ‘very low’. Conclusions: W...