Core GRADE 4: rating certainty of evidence—risk of bias, publication bias, and reasons for rating up certainty

作者：Gordon Guyatt, Ying Wang, Prashanti Eachempati, Alfonso Iorio, M. Hassan Murad, Monica Hultcrantz, Derek K. Chu, Iván D. Flórez, Lars G. Hemkens, Thomas Agoritsas, Liang Yao, Per Olav Vandvik, Víctor M. Montori, Romina Brignardello‐Petersen · 发表于：BMJ · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1136/bmj-2024-083864 · 被引用次数：53 · 研究领域：Meta-analysis and systematic reviews、Delphi Technique in Research、Clinical practice guidelines implementation

This fourth article in a seven part series presents the Core GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to addressing risk of bias, publication bias, and rating up certainty. In Core GRADE, randomised controlled trials begin as high certainty evidence and non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSI) as low certainty. To assess certainty of evidence for risk of bias, Core GRADE users first classify individual studies as low or high risk of bias. Decisions regarding rating down for risk of bias will depend on the weights of high and low risk of bias studies and similarities or differences between the results of high and low risk of bias studies. For publication bias, a body of evidence comprising small studies funded by industry should raise suspicion. Core GRADE users appraising results from well conducted NSRI can consider rating up certainty of evidence when risk ratios from pooled estimates suggest large or very large effects.