Development of an Asymmetric Alginate Hydrogel Loaded with S-Nitrosoglutathione and Its Application in Chronic Wound Healing

作者：Jiafeng Tan, Minna Wen, Yifan Zhang, Shuyun Zhang, Min Fang, Junxiao Xiang, Xinshuo Liu, Jinhuan Tian, Lu Lu, Binghong Luo, Changren Zhou, Lihua Li · 发表于：Gels · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/gels11050354 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Wound Healing and Treatments、Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management、Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that plays a critical role in wound healing. However, the gaseous nature, short half-life, and low stability of NO present challenges for its clinical application. To address these issues, this study introduces an innovative S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)-loaded asymmetric alginate (SA) hydrogel (GSNO-SA) as a novel solution for treating infected chronic wounds. The hydrogel is designed with a layer-by-layer melting-permeation crosslinking approach, forming a dense upper layer and a sparse lower layer structure, effectively promoting exudate management while delaying NO release. The results demonstrate that the GSNO-SA hydrogel extends NO release for up to 48 h, exhibits rapid exudate absorption (72.3 ± 1.5% equilibrium swelling after 5 min), significant antibacterial activity (over 90% antibacterial rate against E. coli and S. aureus), and anti-inflammatory effects (marked reduction in TNF-α expression), and promotes angiogenesis (90.00 ± 5.92% migration rate at 48 h). Additionally, animal studies show that the GSNO-SA hydrogel accelerates wound healing, achieving a 99.2 ± 0.1% closure rate at 14 days. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations further confirm its ability to regulate inflammation (13.34-fold upregulation of CD163) and promote angiogenesis (3.02-fold upregulation of α-SMA). Theoretically, this asymmetric design provides a novel strategy for developing exudate-managing dressings by integrating controlled...