The present and the future of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancers

作者：Giuseppe Cabibbo, Lorenza Rimassa, Ángela Lamarca, Gianluca Masi, Bruno Daniele, David J. Pinato, Andrea Casadei‐Gardini · 发表于：Cancer Treatment Reviews · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102955 · 被引用次数：15 · 研究领域：Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies、Hepatitis B Virus Studies、Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis

Hepatobiliary malignancies encompass a spectrum of invasive carcinomas arising in the liver [hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), bile ducts [intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHC)] and the gallbladder. These malignancies represent a growing global health burden, with rising incidence and mortality rates and their overall prognosis remains poor because many patients present with advanced unresectable disease at diagnosis. In recent years, significant advancements in understanding HCC immunogenicity have reshaped the therapeutic scenario of advanced HCC with the immunotherapy revolutionizing the current HCC treatment landscape and patients' prognosis. Moreover, the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy has recently established a new standard of care first-line treatment for patients with biliary tract cancers (BTCs) who had historically few therapeutic options. Currently, immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimens stand as a valuable and practice-changing options in both HCC and BTC management. The mounting recent evidence supporting immunotherapy's survival benefit demands clinicians to stay updated with a rapidly evolving treatment landscape as well as gain knowledge about patient selection, response rate compared with other systemic treatments and immune-mediated adverse events (imAEs) management. A panel of international Experts, comprising hepatologists and oncologists, gathered to explore the challenges in ...