Executive Function Outcomes at School Age in Children Born Moderate-to-Late Preterm

作者：Luciano Rossetti, Leona Pascoe, Rheanna Mainzer, Rachel Ellis, Joy E. Olsen, Alicia J. Spittle, Lex W. Doyle, Jeanie L.Y. Cheong, Peter J. Anderson · 发表于：The Journal of Pediatrics · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114634 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Infant Development and Preterm Care、Neonatal and fetal brain pathology、Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

OBJECTIVE: To compare executive function (EF) outcomes at school age between children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLP; 32-36 weeks' gestation) and term (≥37 weeks' gestation) across subdomains of attentional control, cognitive flexibility, goal setting, and everyday executive behaviors. STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred one children born MLP and 201 born at term were recruited from the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Children completed EF measures at 9 years of corrected age. Group differences in mean or median outcome z-scores were estimated using linear or quantile regression. EF impairment risk ratios [RRs] between groups were estimated using generalized linear models. Analyses were adjusted for multiple birth and social risk. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-nine children born MLP (79%) and 134 born at term (67%) were assessed. Compared with the term group, the MLP group performed poorer in goal setting (mean difference = -0.26, 95% CI = -0.50, -0.03, P = .03) and cognitive flexibility (mean difference = -0.32, 95% CI = -0.59, -0.05, P = .02). Children born MLP were at increased risk of behavioral executive dysfunction (RR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.05, 3.27, P = .03), impairments in cognitive flexibility (RR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.05, 3.09, P = .03), and goal setting (RR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.65, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Children born MLP demonstrate a pattern of increased EF difficulties at school-age compared with term children, mostly within the goal setting subdomain. These ...