Brain-derived extracellular vesicles: A promising avenue for Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment

作者：Shurui Zhang, Jingwen Li, Xinyu Hu, Hanshu Liu, Qinwei Yu, Guiying Kuang, Long Liu, Danfang Yu, Zhicheng Lin, Nian Xiong · 发表于：Neural Regeneration Research · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01262 · 被引用次数：10 · 研究领域：Long-Term Effects of COVID-19、Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling、Extracellular vesicles in disease

The misfolding, aggregation, and deposition of alpha-synuclein into Lewy bodies are pivotal events that trigger pathological changes in Parkinson's disease. Extracellular vesicles are nanosized lipid-bilayer vesicles secreted by cells that play a crucial role in intercellular communication due to their diverse cargo. Among these, brain-derived extracellular vesicles, which are secreted by various brain cells such as neurons, glial cells, and Schwann cells, have garnered increasing attention. They serve as a promising tool for elucidating Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the recent advancements in our understanding of brain-derived extracellular vesicles released into the blood and their role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, with specific emphasis on their involvement in the aggregation and spread of alpha-synuclein. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles contribute to disease progression through multiple mechanisms, including autophagy-lysosome dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, collectively driving neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Their application in Parkinson's disease diagnosis is a primary focus of this review. Recent studies have demonstrated that brain-derived extracellular vesicles can be isolated from peripheral blood samples, as they carry α-synuclein and other key biomarkers such as DJ-1 and various microRNAs. These findings highlight the potential o...