Regulation of synaptic function and lipid metabolism

作者：Tongtong Zhang, Yunsi Yin, Xinyi Xia, Xinwei Que, X Y Liu, Guodong Zhao, Jiahao Chen, Qiuyue Chen, Qing Xu, Yi Tang, Qi Qin · 发表于：Neural Regeneration Research · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01412 · 被引用次数：27 · 研究领域：Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior、Alzheimer's disease research and treatments、Cellular transport and secretion

Synapses are key structures involved in transmitting information in the nervous system, and their functions rely on the regulation of various lipids. Lipids play important roles in synapse formation, neurotransmitter release, and signal transmission, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. The complex roles of lipids in synaptic function and neurological diseases have recently garnered increasing attention, but their specific mechanisms remain to be fully understood. This review aims to explore how lipids regulate synaptic activity in the central nervous system, focusing on their roles in synapse formation, neurotransmitter release, and signal transmission. Additionally, it discusses the mechanisms by which glial cells modulate synaptic function through lipid regulation. This review shows that within the central nervous system, lipids are essential components of the cell membrane bilayer, playing critical roles in synaptic structure and function. They regulate presynaptic vesicular trafficking, postsynaptic signaling pathways, and glial-neuronal interactions. Cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity and promotes the formation of lipid rafts. Glycerophospholipids contribute to the structural integrity of synaptic membranes and are involved in the release of synaptic vesicles. Sphingolipids interact with synaptic receptors through various mechanisms to regulate their activity and are also involved in cellular processes...