The Impact of Flooding on Soil Microbial Communities and Their Functions: A Review

作者：Ashim Kumar Das, Da‐Sol Lee, Youn-Ji Woo, Sharmin Sultana, Apple Mahmud, Byung‐Wook Yun · 发表于：Stresses · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/stresses5020030 · 被引用次数：42 · 研究领域：Plant responses to water stress、Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics、Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement

Soil microorganisms provide multifaceted benefits, including maintaining soil nutrient dynamics, improving soil structure, and instituting decomposition, all of which are important to soil health. Unpredictable weather events, including flooding from heavy rainfall, flash floods, and seawater intrusion, profoundly impact soil ecology, which is primarily challenged by flooding stress, and imbalances these microbial communities and their functions. This disturbance impairs the symbiotic exchanges between microbes and plants by limiting root exudates and habitats for microbes, as well as nutrient acquisition efficiency for plants. Therefore, this review comprehensively examines the changes in soil microbial communities that occur under flooding conditions. Flooding reduces soil oxygen (O2) levels, limiting aerobic microbes but promoting anaerobic ones, including potential pathogens. In flooded soil, O2 deficiency indirectly depends on the size of the soil particles and water turbidity during flooding. O2 depletion is critical in shaping microbial community adaptation, which is linked to variations in soil pH, nutrient concentrations, and redox status, and fresh and saline water vary differently in terms of the adaptation of microorganisms. Wet soil alters soil enzyme activity, which influences microbial community composition. Notably, three-month post-flooding conditions allow microbial communities to adapt and stabilize more effectively than once-weekly flooding frequency. Base...