Carcinogenic Industrial Air Emissions and Lung Cancer Risk in a Cohort of 440,000 Americans

作者：Jessica M. Madrigal, Jared A. Fisher, Caroline N. Pruitt, Linda M. Liao, Barry I. Graubard, Mary H. Ward, Debra T. Silverman, Rena R. Jones · 发表于：American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1164/rccm.202409-1738oc · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts

Abstract Rationale Industrial facilities emit known lung carcinogens into air, but the association of these agents with lung cancer risk at environmental levels is unknown. Objectives We sought to investigate industrial emissions and lung cancer risk. Methods We used a U.S. regulatory database to estimate airborne exposure to known and probable human carcinogens (n = 31) emitted from industrial sources (1987–1995) for 442,986 participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. We estimated inverse distance– and wind-weighted average exposures within 1, 2, 5, and 10 km of the enrollment residence. Using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for smoking and other confounders, we evaluated lung cancer risk overall and by major histologic subtype (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma) for levels (tertiles and medians) of exposure to each agent. Measurements and Main Results Among agents with prior evidence of lung carcinogenicity, overall risk was elevated for cobalt (5-km hazard ratio (HR) for tertile3 (T3) = 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–1.29; p-trend ⩽ 0.0001; 10-km HRT3 = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.09–1.21; p-trend ⩽ 0.0001) and beryllium (5-km HRT3 = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.94–1.55; p-trend = 0.15; 10-km HRT3 = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.01–1.31; p-trend = 0.02). We also observed associations with benzene and nickel. For agents without prior evidence, styrene was associated with risk at 1 km (HRT3 = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.00–1.48; p-trend = 0.03). Diethyl sulfate, chr...