Differences in cognitive deficits and brain functional impairments between patients with first-episode and recurrent depression

作者：Lianzi Guan, Yifei Li, Hui Kong, Jie Fang, Jiakuai Yu, Ting Wang, Jiajia Zhu, Daomin Zhu · 发表于：BMC Psychiatry · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s12888-025-06758-8 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Cognitive Functions and Memory、Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies、Traumatic Brain Injury Research

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence shows that cognitive deficits are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the specific differences in cognitive impairment and brain functional alterations between first-episode depression (FED) and recurrent major depression (RMD) remain unclear, as do the relationships among these factors. METHODS: A total of 43 RMD and 41 FED patients were included in this study. All the patients underwent examinations of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), event-related potential (ERP) measurements, and a series of standardised neuropsychological tests, including event-based (EBPM) and time-based (TBPM) prospective memory tasks, the Semantic Fluency Test (SFT), and the Continuous Performance Task-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP). Two-sample t-tests were used to compare cognitive functioning, ERP parameters, and brain functional indices between FED and RMD groups. Correlation analyses were performed to explore the associations between these variables. RESULTS: Compared with FED patients, those with RMD displayed poorer CPT-IP performance, lower prospective memory (EBPM) scores, lower SFT performance, and prolonged P300 latency (all P < 0.05). Moreover, neuroimaging data analysis revealed increased regional neural activity in the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), alongside decreased interhemispheric functional connectivity in the bilateral ITG in RMD relative to FED. Correlation analyses indicated that these func...