Real world particle size distribution from vehicle fleet and implication on emission control

作者：Fuyang Zhang, Jianfei Peng, Jinsheng Zhang, Jiayuan Liu, Yajun Wu, Peiji Liu, Kexi Liu, Bin Sun, Qijun Zhang, Lin Wu, Ning Yang, Wei Hu, Hongjun Mao · 发表于：npj Clean Air · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s44407-025-00007-8 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Vehicle emissions and performance、Air Quality and Health Impacts、Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting

Abstract Particle size distribution (PSD) of vehicular emissions is crucial for assessing their impacts on air quality and human health. However, real-world PSD data from vehicle fleets is scarce. Here, we conducted a two-week tunnel measurement of PSD from fleet emission. The estimated fleet-average emission factor for particle number (PN) was 2.6 × 10 14 kg-fuel −1 . The PSD of vehicular emission peaked in nucleation mode, indicating a significant role of volatile particles likely formed outside exhaust pipes. Diurnal variations in PN correlated with traffic flow; however, high-emitting diesel vehicles, particularly those from other cities, caused notable spikes in PN and black carbon emissions during off-peak hours. Positive matrix factorization analysis confirms this critical role of high-emitting vehicles and also reveals the dominance of non-exhaust emissions on PM 2.5 and PM 10 . This study highlights the importance of stricter regulations on high-emitting vehicles and measures to mitigate nucleation mode and non-exhaust particles.