Yellow Fever in Non-Human Primates: A Veterinary Guide from a One Health Perspective

作者：Remco A. Nederlof, Tommaso Virgilio, Hendrickus J. J. Stemkens, Luiz Cesar Cavalcanti Pereira da Silva, Daniela Romina Montagna, Abdussamad M. Abdussamad, John Kudakwashe Chipangura, Jaco Bakker · 发表于：Veterinary Sciences · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/vetsci12040339 · 被引用次数：10 · 研究领域：Mosquito-borne diseases and control、Viral Infections and Vectors、Zoonotic diseases and public health

Yellow fever (YF) causes severe morbidity and mortality in Africa and South America. It is an arthropod-borne viral disease endemic to tropical regions of Africa and South America. Yellow fever virus (YFV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and frequently affects both non-human primates (NHPs) and humans. Neotropical primates (NTPs) are generally more severely afflicted by YFV than African primates. Asian primates appear not to be susceptible to this disease. Susceptibility varies among NTP species: asymptomatic infections are described in some NTP species, whereas severe epizootic mortality events are described in others. The genus Alouatta (howler monkeys) is considered to be the most susceptible among the NTPs. Epizootic events resulting in the death of thousands of NTPs have been recorded in recent history. As a result, YFV poses a threat to the survival of some NTP species. In most cases, NTPs are found dead without showing prior clinical signs. In cases where clinical signs are observed, they are mostly non-specific. Due to their high susceptibility, epizootic events in NTPs are used as epidemiological predictors for human YF outbreaks. YFV infection may be diagnosed by means of virus isolation, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, serology, histopathology, or immunohistochemistry. Animals that survive the disease develop neutralizing antibodies to YFV. Currently, no specific treatment is available. Sustained YF control strategies must rely on surveillance and acc...