Correlation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance levels during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

作者：Dongying Wang, Ting Su, Meiqi Zhan, Sining Luo, Hongyu Tan, Jinglin Lin, Xin Lai · 发表于：BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s12884-025-07551-x · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research、Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals、Fluorine in Organic Chemistry

BACKGROUND: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a major class of contaminants in recent years. Pregnant women are more susceptible to the influence of these compounds, which could heighten the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aims to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the correlation between PFAS exposure during pregnancy and the risk of developing GDM and delve into their dose-response relationship. METHODS: Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Data were statistically analyzed using Stata 15.0. Fixed-effects (FEM) or random-effects (REM) models were used to combine STD mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to heterogeneity. Dose-response meta-analyses were performed when applicable. RESULTS: A total of 12 papers were included in this study. Meta-analysis results indicated significantly higher levels of PFOA, PFBS, and PFUnDA in GDM patients compared to healthy pregnant women. Pregnant women exposed to high levels of PFOA and PFBS had a significantly increased risk of developing GDM, with ORs of 1.513 and 1.436, respectively. Dose-response analyses indicated that for each 1 ng/ml increase in PFOA and PFBS exposure, the risk of GDM increased by 0.3% and 11.7%, respectively. In contrast, no significant associations were observed between high exposure to other PFAS compounds, such as PFNA, PFHxS, and PFOS...