Preparation and Application of Core–Shell Nanocarbon-Based Slow-Release Foliar Fertilizer

作者：Ting Zhang, Xinheng Chen, Hongtao Gu, Huayi Chen, Kaichun Huang, Jinjin Wang, Huijuan Xu, Yulong Zhang, Wenyan Li · 发表于：Nanomaterials · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/nano15070565 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements、Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications、Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications

The application of nanotechnology offers a promising solution to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency by mitigating the losses and volatilization of conventional fertilizers, contributing to sustainable agriculture. In this study, a core–shell nanocarbon-based slow-release foliar fertilizer (CN@mSiO2-NH2@Urea@PDA) was synthesized using nanocarbon (CN) as the core, amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (mSiO2-NH2) as the shell, and polydopamine (PDA) as the coating layer. BET analysis revealed a 3.5-fold and 1.9-fold reduction in material porosity after PDA encapsulation, confirming successful synthesis. The controlled-release performance was enhanced, with a 24% decrease in the release rate and a prolonged nutrient delivery duration. Hydrophobicity tests demonstrated a 20° increase in the contact angle, indicating improved adhesion. Seed germination assays validated biosafety, while field trials showed a 69.94% increase in the choy sum (Brassica rapa) yield, 21.64% higher nitrogen utilization efficiency, and 22.21% reduced nitrogen loss. The foliar application increased the plant nitrogen use efficiency by 18.37%. These findings highlight the potential of CN@mSiO2-NH2@Urea@PDA as an advanced foliar fertilizer, providing a strategic approach to promote nanomaterial applications in agriculture and enhance the acceptance of functional fertilizers among farmers.