Skin-printable, anti-freezing, and recyclable ionic hydrogel bioelectrode for continuous electrophysiological monitoring

作者：Meiqiong Zheng, Leqi Li, Xinyuan Ye, Zichong Ji, Yuli Wang, Yuli Wang, Zonglei Wang, Shihong Lin, Mingzhe Wang, Wenqing Yan, Jiawei Yang, Pengcheng Zhou, Yujie Zhang, Runzi Niu, Hossam Haick, Yan Wang, Yan Wang · 发表于：Chemical Engineering Journal · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.cej.2025.162451 · 被引用次数：34 · 研究领域：Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials、Neuroscience and Neural Engineering、Tactile and Sensory Interactions

• Reversible Thermal Phase Transition : The hydrogel shows reversible yet fast sol-gel transition enabling precise in-situ printing on human skin. • Outstanding Anti-Freezing and Transparency : The hydrogel retains optical clarity and mechanical flexibility even in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C). • Multifunctional Performance : The hydrogel exhibits robust skin adhesion, anti-freezing, self-healing, water retention, and recyclability. • High-Fidelity Signal Acquisition: The hydrogel skin electrode enables real-time and continuous biopotential monitoring. The rapid advancement of wearable electrophysiological monitoring has driven a growing demand for soft, conductive materials, particularly hydrogels, due to their exceptional mechanical properties, high conductivity, and biocompatibility. However, hydrogel materials are prone to freezing at subzero temperatures, which leads to material failure. Additionally, prefabricated hydrogel electrodes often lack sufficient conformability and long-term stability, thereby limiting their practical applications. We report a skin-printable hydrogel-based epidermal bioelectrode designed for continuous, high-precision wireless electrophysiological monitoring. The hydrogel, synthesized via an effective one-pot process, comprises gelatin, glycerol, ammonium chloride, and water. Its reversible thermal phase transition enables precise printing onto glabrous and hairy human skin. The in-situ formed hydrogel electrode exhibits excellent adhesion at both...