Spatial scale-dependence and controlling factors of ecosystem service supply-demand relationships in the Loess Plateau of China

作者：Xiaojia Han, Guangyao Gao, Junze Zhang, Zhuangzhuang Wang, Xutong Wu, Yihe Lü · 发表于：Geography and sustainability · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100297 · 被引用次数：12 · 研究领域：Land Use and Ecosystem Services、Environmental Changes in China、Remote Sensing and Land Use

• Mismatches between supply and demand of ecosystem services weakened from fine scale to coarse scale. • Trade-offs of supply-demand matches between the paired ESs mainly occurred at municipality and watershed scale. • Dominant influencing factors of supply-demand matches identified at fine scales are universal across scales. Integrating the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs) across various scales is crucial for regional sustainable development. However, the relationships between ESs supply and demand, along with their determinants, have not been thoroughly investigated from a multi-spatial perspective. In this study, we quantified four ESs (carbon sequestration, water yield, food supply, and soil conservation) at six spatial scales (pixel, 10 km, 50 km, county, municipality and watershed scale) in China’s Loess Plateau (LP), characterized by fragile ecological environment and high human activity. The ESs supply-demand matches and their trade-offs or synergies as well as the dominant influencing factors at different scales were identified. There was significant spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of ESs supply and demand across the LP. The balance between ESs supply and demand became obvious from pixel to watershed (municipality) scale, with the area proportion increased by 66.78 %, 57.85 %, and 17.89 % for carbon sequestration, water yield and food supply, respectively. The supply-demand match of paired ESs was dominated by synergistic effects at the grid sc...