Trends and inequalities in physical fitness and nutritional status among 0.72 million Chinese adults aged 20–59 years: an analysis of five successive national surveillance surveys, 2000–2020

作者：Chenyuan Qin, Chaoqun Fan, Jingjing Wang, Qin Li, Jue Liu, Haijun Wang, Qiang Feng · 发表于：The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101542 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet、Body Composition Measurement Techniques、Physical Activity and Health

Background: Few comprehensive studies have assessed the long-term trends in physical fitness and nutritional status among Chinese adults, along with the socioeconomic inequalities. This study aimed to bridge this gap by examining the temporal changes and the evolution of socioeconomic disparities in physical fitness and nutritional status among Chinese adults aged 20-59, based on five successive national surveillance surveys. Methods: ). Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥90 cm for males and ≥85 cm for females. A composite physical fitness indicator (PFI) was calculated by aggregating the Z-scores of all six components. Provinces were ranked by GDP per capita ($) and stratified into three socioeconomic strata from least (T1) to most developed (T3). Generalized additive models (GAMs), adjusted for age and sex, were employed to assess the associations between nutritional status, PFI, and both per capita GDP and urbanization levels. Findings: A total of 716,790 Chinese adults aged 20-59 were included in the analysis. The PFI score declined from 0.71 in 2000 to -0.84 in 2020, with a particularly sharp annual decline between 2014 and 2020. The underweight prevalence declined from 5.54% in 2000 to 3.51% in 2020, while the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central obesity increased to 35.84%, 15.05%, and 32.10% in 2020, respectively. After 2005, the urban-rural disparities in physical fitness narrowed, whereas the gap between most and least developed regions ...