A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly coupled with multi-omic data provides insights into the evolution of hexaploid bread wheat

作者：Shoucheng Liu, Kui Li, Xiuru Dai, Guochen Qin, Dongdong Lu, Zhaoxu Gao, Xiaopeng Li, Bolong Song, Jianxin Bian, Da Ren, Yongqi Liu, Xiaofeng Chen, Yunbi Xu, Weimin Liu, Yang Chen, Xiaoqin Liu, Shisheng Chen, Jian Li, Bosheng Li, Hang He, Xing Wang Deng · 发表于：Nature Genetics · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41588-025-02137-x · 被引用次数：70 · 研究领域：Chromosomal and Genetic Variations、Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies、Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology

The complete assembly of vast and complex plant genomes, like the hexaploid wheat genome, remains challenging. Here we present CS-IAAS, a comprehensive telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free Triticum aestivum L. genome, encompassing 14.51 billion base pairs and featuring all 21 centromeres and 42 telomeres. Annotation revealed 90.8 Mb additional centromeric satellite arrays and 5,611 rDNA units. Genome-wide rearrangements, centromeric elements, transposable element expansion and segmental duplications were deciphered during tetraploidization and hexaploidization, providing a comprehensive understanding of wheat subgenome evolution. Among them, transposable element insertions during hexaploidization greatly influenced gene expression balances, thus increasing the genome plasticity of transcriptional levels. Additionally, we generated 163,329 full-length cDNA sequences and proteomic data that helped annotate 141,035 high-confidence protein-coding genes. The complete T2T reference genome (CS-IAAS), along with its transcriptome and proteome, represents a significant step in our understanding of wheat genome complexity and provides insights for future wheat research and breeding.