Emerging Multifunctional Wearable Sensors: Integrating Multimodal Sweat Analysis and Advanced Material Technologies for Next-Generation Health Monitoring

作者：Chong‐Bo Ma, Xudong Shang, Mimi Sun, Xiangjie Bo, Jing Bai, Yan Du, Ming Zhou · 发表于：ACS Sensors · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1021/acssensors.4c03396 · 被引用次数：110 · 研究领域：Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials、Tactile and Sensory Interactions、Interactive and Immersive Displays

Sweat, a noninvasive and readily accessible biofluid, offers significant potential in health monitoring through its diverse biomarker profile, including electrolytes, metabolites, and hormones, which reflect physiological states in real time. Multimodal wearable sensors, integrating chemical, physical, and thermal sensing capabilities, have emerged as transformative tools for capturing these biomarkers alongside additional physiological signals. By combining advanced materials such as hydrogels, MXenes, and graphene with innovative structural designs, these sensors enable simultaneous monitoring of biomarkers (e.g., glucose, sodium, and cortisol) alongside parameters like movement and temperature. This Review systematically explores the classification and design of multimodal sensors, emphasizing their ability to address health monitoring challenges across applications including metabolic health management, stress detection, and hydration assessment. Key innovations in functional materials, such as conductive hydrogels and biomimetic structures, are discussed alongside challenges in signal integration, data processing, and power management. Additionally, advancements in self-powered systems and energy harvesting technologies have been highlighted as critical enablers for continuous, real-time monitoring. The Review concludes with a perspective on future directions, emphasizing the need for scalable manufacturing techniques, artificial intelligence integration, and standardize...