A narrative review on multimodal spinal anesthesia: Old technique and new use

作者：Doris Pierson, Rebecca Certoma, J A Hobbs, Xiaomei Cong, Jinlei Li · 发表于：Journal of Anesthesia and Translational Medicine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.jatmed.2025.02.002 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Anesthesia and Pain Management、Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology、Nausea and vomiting management

Spinal anesthesia has a long history in providing safe and effective anesthesia and analgesia. Its continuous evolution in block placement techniques with or without ultrasound assistance, options of spinal needles, local anesthetics and adjuvants adopted based on spinal anesthesia onset rate, duration of action, and side effect profiles, makes spinal anesthesia an important modality in current early recovery after surgery for a broad-spectrum of surgical procedures including ambulatory lower extremity orthopedic procedures and major chest, abdominal, and spine surgeries.