Global, regional, and national epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis among people aged 20–54 years from 1990 to 2021

作者：Ziyi Zhang, Xiaopeng Gao, Shiwei Liu, Qingshuai Wang, Yingjie Wang, Shuai Hou, Jun Wang, Yimin Zhang · 发表于：Scientific Reports · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41598-025-92150-1 · 被引用次数：69 · 研究领域：Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies、Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research、Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a global epidemic. We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 dataset to examine RA trends in patients aged 20-54 years worldwide. Key outcomes included incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), as well as trends over time, stratifying by region, country, age, sex, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). We also assessed the contribution of smoking to RA-related mortality and DALYs. Over the past 32 years, the global RA-related incidence rate increased from 11.66 (95% UI 9.60-13.94) to 13.48 (95% UI 11.08-16.06) per 100,000 population. RA-related DALYs rate increased from 26.37 (95% UI 18.43-36.99) to 30.71 (95% UI 20.82-44.08) per 100,000 population, with females bearing a higher burden. And the RA-related mortality rate decreased from 0.09 (95% UI 0.08-0.1) to 0.06 (95% UI 0.05-0.07) per 100,000 population. Regional disparities were evident, with lower SDI regions experiencing the larger change. Smoking remained a significant risk factor, accounting for 9.01% of RA-related mortality in 2021. Overall, we highlighted the rising global burden of RA, particularly among females and in lower SDI regions, emphasizing disparities in healthcare resources, prevention, and early diagnosis.