Thermal and Biomechanical Responses of Amateur, Elite and World Cup Athletes During a World Cup Sprint Triathlon in the Heat

作者：Carl James, Borja Muñiz-Pardos, Mohammed Ihsan, K. K. Lo, Wing‐Kai Lam, Dani Peña Iglesias, Konstantinos Angeloudis, Teng Yi, Jiao Jiao, Ke Hu, Kelvin C. Wong, Fergus Guppy, Sébastien Racinais, Samuel Chalmers, Sergio Migliorini, Kenneth S. Wu, Yannis Pitsiladis · 发表于：Sports Medicine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1007/s40279-025-02193-7 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Thermoregulation and physiological responses、Exercise and Physiological Responses、Infrared Thermography in Medicine

Abstract Objectives Core temperature (T CORE ), skin temperature (T TORSO ) and running kinematics were measured across different athlete categories at a World Cup Sprint Triathlon, occurring during a heatwave (~ 25–31 °C Wet Bulb Globe Temperature [WBGT]). Methods Sixty-six triathletes participated: 21 World Cup (7 females), 32 Hong Kong-Elite (HK-Elite; 8 females) and 13 Amateur (6 females). Results Seventeen triathletes displayed a T CORE > 40.0 °C and two > 41.0 °C. Peak T CORE was not different between athlete categories (World Cup: 39.7 ± 0.6 °C; HK-Elite: 39.9 ± 0.8 °C; Amateur: 39.5 ± 0.8 °C; p = 0.357). However, there was an interaction between race phase and category ( p = 0.001). Changes in T CORE for World Cup (2.4 ± 0.4 °C) and HK-Elite (2.5 ± 1.0 °C) were greater than for Amateurs (1.5 ± 0.7 °C). Peak T TORSO was higher in HK-Elites during afternoon races compared with morning World Cup races ( p < 0.001). T TORSO reduced during the swim ( p bonf < 0.001), then increased during the bike ( p bonf < 0.001) but not run ( p bonf = 1.00). World Cup athletes (3.15 ± 0.23 m) displayed longer strides (HK-Elites: 2.64 ± 0.35 m; Amateurs: 2.18 ± 0.30 m; p bonf < 0.001), shorter contact times (209.3 ± 13.7 ms; HK-Elites: 237.8 ± 23.0 ms; Amateurs: 262.9 ± 31.0 ms, p bonf < 0.001) and higher stride frequency (182.9 ± 6.3 strides.min −1 ) than HK-Elites (173.9 ± 6.8 strides.min −1 ) and Amateurs (173.2 ± 8.7 strides.min −1 , p bonf < 0.001), which wer...