Vitamin D supplementation for managing COVID-19 in patients with vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

作者：Lemei Zhu, Yuan Zhang, Xi Li, Xuemin Zou, Pingping Bing, Mingxu Qi, Binsheng He · 发表于：BMJ Open · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091903 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Vitamin D Research Studies、Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research、COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies

OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the population. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation might be useful for treating COVID-19 infection. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to explore vitamin D supplementation efficacy in treating COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials exploring vitamin D supplementation for patients with COVID-19 and vitamin D deficiency. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers employed standardised methods to search, screen and code the included studies. The primary outcomes included mortality during follow-up, 28-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU). The secondary outcome included length of stay in hospital and ICU. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. Depending on the level of heterogeneity, either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model was applied. The findings were summarised using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence profiles and synthesised qualitatively. RESULTS: A total of nine studies, comprising 870 participants, were included in the analysis. The pooled results indicated that vitamin D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of mortality (risk ratio 0.76; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.97). However, this appare...