The Role of STEAP1 in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies

作者：Lingling Zhang, Xinyi Ren, Ran An, Hongchen Song, Yaqi Tian, Xuan Wei, Mingjun Shi, Zhenchang Wang · 发表于：Biomedicines · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/biomedicines13040794 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Immunotherapy and Immune Responses、Cell Adhesion Molecules Research、Extracellular vesicles in disease

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) is exceptionally overexpressed in PCa, maintaining high expression even in the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) stage, making it a promising target for diagnosis and treatment. STEAP1-positive extracellular vesicles and STEAP1-PET imaging are optimistic approaches for the non-invasive detection of different stages of PCa. STEAP1-targeted therapy includes an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T), T-cell engager (TCE), and vaccines, which demonstrate valuable therapeutic prospects. This review presents the structure and pathophysiological function of STEAP1, synthesizes cutting-edge advances in STEAP1-targeted molecular imaging and clinical applications, and critically analyzes their translational potential to overcome the limitations of current PCa diagnosis and treatment.