Global ocean surface heat fluxes derived from the maximum entropy production framework accounting for ocean heat storage and Bowen ratio adjustments

作者：Yong Yang, Huaiwei Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Wenxin Zhang, Gang Zhao, Weiguang Wang, Lei Cheng, L. Chen, Hui Qin, Zhanzhang Cai · 发表于：Earth system science data · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.5194/essd-17-1191-2025 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Climate variability and models、Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations、Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes

Abstract. Ocean evaporation, represented by latent heat flux (LE), plays a crucial role in global precipitation patterns, water cycle dynamics, and energy exchange processes. However, existing bulk methods for quantifying ocean evaporation are associated with considerable uncertainties. The maximum entropy production (MEP) theory provides a novel framework for estimating surface heat fluxes, but its application over ocean surfaces remains largely unvalidated. Given the substantial heat storage capacity of the deep ocean, which can create temporal mismatches between variations in heat fluxes and radiation, it is crucial to account for heat storage when estimating heat fluxes. This study derived global ocean heat fluxes using the MEP theory, incorporating the effects of heat storage and adjustments to the Bowen ratio (the ratio of sensible heat to latent heat). We utilized multi-source data from seven auxiliary turbulent flux datasets and 129 globally distributed buoy stations to refine and validate the MEP model. The model was first evaluated using observed data from buoy stations, and the Bowen ratio formula that most effectively enhanced the model performance was identified. By incorporating the heat storage effect and adjusting the Bowen ratio within the MEP model, the accuracy of the estimated heat fluxes was significantly improved, achieving an R2 of 0.99 (regression slope: 0.97) and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.7 W m−2 compared to observations. The improved MEP m...