Non-linear relationship between the children’s dietary inflammatory index and asthma risk: identifying a critical inflection point in US children and adolescents

作者：Junyu Xu, Meiping Zhu, Yi Shi, Qian Chen, Yan Zhu · 发表于：Frontiers in Nutrition · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fnut.2025.1538378 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Asthma and respiratory diseases、Nutritional Studies and Diet、Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling

Background Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease, is influenced by diet, which plays a key role in its onset and progression. The Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) measures how diets impact inflammation in children and adolescents (6–19 years). The C-DII is a metric that quantifies the inflammatory potential of diet, with higher scores indicating more pro-inflammatory diets and a scoring range from −6.25 to 6.02. This study investigates the association between C-DII and asthma prevalence in US children and adolescents. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2018 and 2021–2023 were utilized. Data from participants aged 6–19 years who completed dietary interviews and provided asthma-related information was included. The C-DII was calculated using 24-h dietary recall data, and data were categorized into quartiles. Asthma diagnosis was based on self-reported doctor diagnosis and current asthma status. Multivariable logistic regression, smooth curve fitting, threshold benefit analysis, and Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between C-DII and asthma prevalence. Results Data from 6,523 children and adolescents aged 6–19 years were analyzed. The median C-DII score was-0.026, and asthma prevalence was 18.63%. A U-shaped relationship was observed between C-DII and asthma prevalence, with the lowest risk at a C-DII score of-0.99. Subgroup analyses revealed variability in the associa...