Effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on microbial communities, CO2 emissions, and organic carbon content in soil

作者：Weijun Yang, Liyue Zhang, Zi Wang, Jinshan Zhang, Pengying Li, Lili Su · 发表于：Scientific Reports · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41598-025-94784-7 · 被引用次数：35 · 研究领域：Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics

This study examined the effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application on CO 2 emissions, microbial communities, and soil organic carbon (SOC) in irrigated wheat fields through a 3-year field experiment. Eight treatment groups were established for this study: (1) CK, without fertilizer or biochar, (2) N1 group, with nitrogen fertilizer application (300 kg/ha), (3) B group, with biochar application (20 t/ha), (4) BN1 group, with nitrogen fertilizer and biochar application, (5) N2, with a 15% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer (255 kg/ha), (6) BN2, with a 15% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer + biochar. (7) N3, with a 30% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer (210 kg/ha); and (8) BN3, with a 30% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer + biochar. The results revealed an increase in active organic carbon (AOC) and SOC contents of soil after the addition of biochar and N fertilizer, particularly with their combined application. In the BN2 treatment, SOC and AOC contents reached 27.48 g/kg and 1.47 g/kg, representing increases of 3.04% and 30.91%, respectively, compared to N1. In comparison to CK, cumulative CO 2 emissions increased by 9–48% with the addition of both biochar and nitrogen fertilizer, possibly due to biochar’s influence on the composition and functional diversity of soil microbial communities. The functional diversity of soil microbes in the BN1 group differed significantly from that in CK ( p < 0.01). In the B group, soil microbial attributes were lower than those in BN1, ...