Development and performance assessment of the BGO calorimeter module for the FOOT experiment

作者：N. Bartosik, F. Cavanna, L. Ramello, L. Scavarda, A. Alexandrov, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, S. Argirò, M. Barbanera, G. Battistoni, M.G. Bisogni, V. Boccia, Esther Ciarrocchi, Angelica De Gregorio, G. De Lellis, A. Di Crescenzo, B. Di Ruzza, Michele Dondi, M. Donetti, Yunsheng Dong, Marco Durante, R. Faccini, V. Ferrero, Elisa Fiorina, C. Finck, M. Francesconi, M. Franchini, Gaia Franciosini, G. Galati, L. Galli, G. Giraudo, M. Ionica, A. Iuliano, K. Kanxheri, A.C. Kraan, C. La Tessa, A. Lauria, E. López Torres, M. Magi, A. Manna, M. Marafini, M. Massa, C. Massimi, I. Mattei, A. Mengarelli, Alessio Mereghetti, T. Minniti, A. Moggi, M.C. Montesi, M.C. Morone, M. Morrocchi, S. Muraro, N. Pastrone, V. Patera, F. Peverini, F. Pennazio, C. Pisanti, P. Placidi, M. Pullia, Claire-Anne Reidel, R. Ridolfi, Luca Sabatini, Lucia Salvi, C. Sanelli, A. Sarti, O. Sato, S. Savazzi, A. Schiavi, Christoph Schuy, Emanuele Scifoni, L. Servoli, G. Silvestre, M. Sitta, B. Spadavecchia, R. Spighi, E. Spiriti, V. Tioukov, S. Tomassini, Francesco Tommasino, M. Toppi, A. Trigilio, G. Traini, G. Ubaldi, A. Valetti, M. Vanstalle, M. Villa, Ulrich Weber, R. Zarrella, A. Zoccoli, P. Cerello · 发表于：Journal of Instrumentation · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1088/1748-0221/20/03/p03021 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry、Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies、Particle Detector Development and Performance

Abstract FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) is a nuclear physics experiment currently under construction that will measure differential cross sections for the production of secondary fragments induced by the interactions of proton and ion beams, up to 400 MeV/u, with human tissues. By extending the energy range to about 800 MeV/u, FOOT will also provide data useful to radio-protection in space, as understanding fragmentation processes that take place in spacecraft shieldings is crucial to their optimisation. The FOOT collaboration is building a detector designed for the identification of heavy fragments in an inverse-kinematics configuration, through the measurement of their momentum, energy and time-of-flight with very high resolution. The kinetic energy of the fragments will be measured with a BGO calorimeter that must cover a dynamic range from tens of MeVs to about 10 GeV and achieve an energy resolution smaller than 2%. In this work we report about the R&D steps that led to the design choices and we assess the performance of the calorimeter prototype. Several beam tests have been performed at CNAO (Pavia, Italy) to choose the best photodetector, crystal wrapping, front-end electronics and readout, in order to achieve the required performance in terms of linearity and energy resolution. Measurements on the first assembled module, made of 3 × 3 BGO crystals with truncated pyramid shape, coupled to SiPM photodetectors, show that, up to at least 5 GeV of deposited energy, th...