Sustainable phosphorus management in calcareous soils: problems and prospects

作者：Muhammad Abdullah Adnan, Shah Fahad, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Rattan Lal · 发表于：Journal of Plant Nutrition · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1080/01904167.2025.2477269 · 被引用次数：38 · 研究领域：Phosphorus and nutrient management、Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics

Phosphorus (P) availability in soil depends on many factors including soil moisture, pH, texture, type of clay, drainage, root density, lime, and organic matter contents. That’s why, one third (30–40%) of global cultivated land experiences P deficiency. In calcareous soils, P is fixed by adsorption and precipitation reactions with Ca+2 and Mg+2 and form insoluble calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite due to high pH and abundant calcium concentrations. Consequently, about 80% of the applied mineral P in such soils is lost from soil plant system that adversely affect agricultural productivity and sustainability. Traditional P management practices, such as application of high-dose chemical fertilization and rock phosphate, organic and bio-fertilizers inputs often fail to optimally improve P nutrition owing to their low solubility, fixation, and complexation. Therefore, this review highlights the current issues associated with phosphorus availability in calcareous soils, including the biochemical mechanisms of phosphorus fixation and the inefficiency of conventional fertilization methods. It also explores innovative strategies for sustainable P management including the use of organic and natural P amendments, phosphorus recycling, nano- phosphate fertilizers, controlled-release P formulations and polymer, and microbial inoculants, and their possible integration. These strategies can be effectively utilized for enhancing soil P fertility and crop productivity in a sustainable, echo...