Extensive Review of Nanomedicine Strategies Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in PDAC

作者：Xing Liu, Yidan Shao, Yunjiang Li, Zuhua Chen, Tingting Shi, Tong Qiao, Xi Zou, Li‐Ping Ju, Jinming Pan, Rangxiao Zhuang, Xuwang Pan · 发表于：International Journal of Nanomedicine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.2147/ijn.s504503 · 被引用次数：18 · 研究领域：Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery、Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics、Cancer Research and Treatments

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world, mainly because of its powerful pro-connective tissue proliferation matrix and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which promote tumor progression and metastasis. In addition, the extracellular matrix leads to vascular collapse, increased interstitial fluid pressure, and obstruction of lymphatic return, thereby hindering effective drug delivery, deep penetration, and immune cell infiltration. Therefore, reshaping the TME to enhance tumor perfusion, increase deep drug penetration, and reverse immune suppression has become a key therapeutic strategy. Traditional therapies for PDAC, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, face significant limitations. Surgery is challenging due to tumor location and growth, while chemotherapy and radiation are hindered by the dense extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive TME. In recent years, the advancement of nanotechnology has provided new opportunities to improve drug efficacy. Nanoscale drug delivery systems (NDDSs) provide several advantages, including improved drug stability in vivo, enhanced tumor penetration, and reduced systemic toxicity. However, the clinical translation of nanotechnology in PDAC therapy faces several challenges. These include the need for precise targeting and control over drug release, potential immune responses to the nanocarriers, and the scalability and cost-effectiveness of production. This article provide...