Composition of plant-based diets and the incidence and prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease: a multinational retrospective cohort study

作者：Jie Chen, Yuhao Sun, Lintao Dan, Judith Wellens, Shuai Yuan, Hong Yang, Tammy Y. N. Tong, Amanda J. Cross, Nikos Papadimitriou, Antoine Meyer, Christina C. Dahm, Susanna C. Larsson, Alicja Wolk, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Kostas Tsilidis, Edward Giovannucci, Jack Satsangi, Xiaoyan Wang, Evropi Τheodoratou, Simon Chan, Xue Li, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Marcela Guevara, Marc J. Gunter, Mazda Jenab, Rudolf Kaaks, Tim J. Key, María Dolores Chirlaque López, Giovanna Masala, Bas Oldenburg, Anja Olsen, Elio Riboli, Carlotta Sacerdote, Matthias Schulze, Gianluca Severi, Anne Tjønneland, Ruth C. Travis, Rosario Tumino, Roel Vermeulen, W.M. Monique Verschuren, Nick Wareham · 发表于：The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101264 · 被引用次数：19 · 研究领域：Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact、Inflammatory Bowel Disease、Gut microbiota and health

Background: Many currently proposed diets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) focus on increasing plant-based foods, although a vegetarian diet can still contain products such as emulsifiers and refined grains that are believed to negatively impact IBD incidence and progression. To better inform dietary management in IBD, we investigated the association between plant-based diets and the incidence and complications of IBD. Methods: We leveraged data from the UK Biobank (UKB, 2009-2022) including 187,888 participants free of IBD at baseline and the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC, 1991-2010) cohort including 341,539 individuals free of IBD across centres among Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and UK. Healthy and unhealthy diets were characterised using plant-based diet indexes (PDIs); in individual participants, these were based on the 24-h dietary recalls for UKB and food frequency questionnaires for EPIC. The primary outcome was the incidence of IBD; secondary outcomes evaluated endpoints of disease prognosis (IBD-related surgery, diabetes, cardiovascular diease, and all-cause mortality). Cox regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Findings: In the UKB (925 incident IBD, median follow-up 11.6 years, IQR 1.3 years), higher adherence to healthy PDI was associated with a lower IBD risk (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.94), while higher alignment to an unhealthy PDI associated with an increased risk (HR 1....