Enhanced Models for Wind, Solar Power Generation, and Battery Energy Storage Systems Considering Power Electronic Converter Precise Efficiency Behavior

作者：Binxin Zhu, Junliang Liu, Shusheng Wang, Zhe Li · 发表于：Energies · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/en18061320 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Microgrid Control and Optimization、Power Systems and Renewable Energy、Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

The large-scale integration of wind, solar, and battery energy storage is a key feature of the new power system based on renewable energy sources. The optimization results of wind turbine (WT)–photovoltaic (PV)–battery energy storage (BES) hybrid energy systems (HESs) can influence the economic performance and stability of the electric power system (EPS). However, most existing studies have overlooked the effect of power electronic converter (PEC) efficiency on capacity configuration optimization, leading to a significant difference between theoretical optimal and actual results. This paper introduces an accurate efficiency model applicable to different types of PECs, and establishes an enhanced mathematical model along with constraint conditions for WT–PV–BES–grid–load systems, based on precise converter efficiency models. In two typical application scenarios, the capacity configurations of WT–PV–BES are optimized with optimal cost as the objective function. The different configuration results among ignoring PEC loss, using fixed PEC efficiency models, and using accurate PEC efficiency models are compared. The results show that in the DC system, the total efficiency of the system with the precise converter efficiency model is approximately 96.63%, and the cost increases by CNY 49,420, about 8.56%, compared to the system with 100% efficiency. In the AC system, the total efficiency with the precise converter efficiency model is approximately 97.64%, and the cost increases by C...