Artificial intelligence for breast cancer screening in mammography (AI-STREAM): preliminary analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study

作者：Yun‐Woo Chang, Jung Kyu Ryu, Jin Kyung An, Nami Choi, Young Mi Park, Kyung Hee Ko, Kyunghwa Han · 发表于：Nature Communications · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41467-025-57469-3 · 被引用次数：76 · 研究领域：AI in cancer detection、Global Cancer Incidence and Screening、Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging

Artificial intelligence (AI) improves the accuracy of mammography screening, but prospective evidence, particularly in a single-read setting, remains limited. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of breast radiologists with and without AI-based computer-aided detection (AI-CAD) for screening mammograms in a real-world, single-read setting. A prospective multicenter cohort study is conducted within South Korea’s national breast cancer screening program for women. The primary outcomes are screen-detected breast cancer within one year, with a focus on cancer detection rates (CDRs) and recall rates (RRs) of radiologists. A total of 24,543 women are included in the final cohort, with 140 (0.57%) screen-detected breast cancers. The CDR is significantly higher by 13.8% for breast radiologists using AI-CAD (n = 140 [5.70‰]) compared to those without AI (n = 123 [5.01‰]; p < 0.001), with no significant difference in RRs (p = 0.564). These preliminary results show a significant improvement in CDRs without affecting RRs in a radiologist’s standard single-reading setting (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05024591). Artificial intelligence (AI) could improve mammography screening accuracy, but prospective evidence is still lacking. Here, the authors show in a prospective multicentre cohort study under single-read settings that the diagnostic accuracy of breast radiologists can significantly improve with AI-based computer-aided detection.