Agricultural practices influence phosphorus transport and ecosystem health in rice-paddy systems: Insights from HYDRUS-1D simulations

作者：Shuoshuo Liang, Qingnan Chu, Ali Ashrafi, Zheng Zhao, Xiangyu Liu, Shuang Liu, Bei Yang, Detian Li, Ping He, Linkui Cao, Zhimin Sha, Chengrong Chen · 发表于：Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.agee.2025.109581 · 被引用次数：21 · 研究领域：Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics、Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism、Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement

Phosphorus (P) is a critical macronutrient in rice-paddy systems, essential for crop productivity. However, inefficient P management often leads to significant environmental issues such as nutrient leaching and eutrophication. This study investigated the impacts of different fertilization strategies conventional chemical fertilization (CT), partial organic substitution (MT), and fully organic fertilization (OT)—on P transport, rice yield, and environmental risks over a seven-year period. Using a combination of field experiments and HYDRUS-1D simulations, we analyzed how agricultural management influences P distribution in the soil profile, crop uptake, and leaching potential. Our results showed that HYDRUS-1D model could accurately simulate P transport, with RMSE range from 0.024 to 0.031 mg L −1 during calibration in 2012 and 0.053–0.073 mg L −1 during validation in 2018. The results demonstrated that the MT treatment achieved the highest P use efficiency, maintaining rice yields comparable to CT while significantly reducing P leaching into deeper soil layers. In contrast, OT resulted in excessive P buildup in the topsoil, increasing leaching risks. Model simulations further show that an increase in temperature by up to 2°C had minimal effects on P transport, suggesting that proper P fertilization strategies are more critical than temperature variability for minimizing environmental pollution. According to model simulation, the recommended P application rates for CT, MT, and...