Strategies for promoting neurovascularization in bone regeneration

作者：Xinling Li, Yuqing Zhao, Miao Li, Y. Q. An, Fan Wu, Jinyu Han, Jing-Yuan Han, Franklin R. Tay, 昭 高木, Yang Jiao, Jing Wang · 发表于：Military Medical Research · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s40779-025-00596-1 · 被引用次数：36 · 研究领域：Bone Tissue Engineering Materials、Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine、Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications

Bone tissue relies on the intricate interplay between blood vessels and nerve fibers, both are essential for many physiological and pathological processes of the skeletal system. Blood vessels provide the necessary oxygen and nutrients to nerve and bone tissues, and remove metabolic waste. Concomitantly, nerve fibers precede blood vessels during growth, promote vascularization, and influence bone cells by secreting neurotransmitters to stimulate osteogenesis. Despite the critical roles of both components, current biomaterials generally focus on enhancing intraosseous blood vessel repair, while often neglecting the contribution of nerves. Understanding the distribution and main functions of blood vessels and nerve fibers in bone is crucial for developing effective biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. This review first explores the anatomy of intraosseous blood vessels and nerve fibers, highlighting their vital roles in bone embryonic development, metabolism, and repair. It covers innovative bone regeneration strategies directed at accelerating the intrabony neurovascular system over the past 10 years. The issues covered included material properties (stiffness, surface topography, pore structures, conductivity, and piezoelectricity) and acellular biological factors [neurotrophins, peptides, ribonucleic acids (RNAs), inorganic ions, and exosomes]. Major challenges encountered by neurovascularized materials during their clinical translation have also been highlighted. Furthe...