Factors associated with mortality among patients aged 12 years and above requiring hospitalization for severe respiratory illness (SRI): Findings from the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness evaluation in Kenya and Mali, 2022–2023

作者：Brian O. Onyando, Bryan O. Nyawanda, Daniel Onguru, Fadima Cheick Haidara, Collins Okello, Raphael O. Anyango, Ian K Orege, Sidney Ogolla, Billy Ogwel, Alex O Awuor, Samuel Kadivane, Philip Ngere, Carolyne Nasimiyu, Eric Osoro, M. Kariuki Njenga, Victor Akelo, Amos Otedo, Shirley Lidechi, John B. Ochieng, Nancy A. Otieno, Erick M. O. Muok, Kibet Sergon, Archibald Worwui, Goitom Weldegebriel, Isabel Bergeri, Cohuet Sandra, Céline Gurry, J. Pekka Nuorti, Patrick Amoth, Rose Jalang’o, Jason M. Mwenda, Richard Omore, Samba O. Sow · 发表于：Vaccine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126910 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research、COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies、Respiratory viral infections research

BACKGROUND: Mortality attributed to respiratory illnesses is well characterized in children <5 years. However, there is paucity of data among older populations. Here, we leveraged data from the COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Evaluation to establish the factors associated with mortality among patients with severe respiratory illness (SRI) in Kenya and Mali. METHODS: We enrolled patients (≥ 12 years) requiring hospitalization for SRI, defined as acute onset (≤ 14 days) of at least two of the following: cough, fever (reported/measured temperature of ≥38 °C), chills, rigors, myalgia, headache, sore throat, fatigue, congestion or runny nose, loss of taste or smell, or pneumonia diagnosis, from referral hospitals in Kenya and Mali. We collected demographic, clinical characteristics of the patients, and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing using RT-PCR. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality among patients with SRI. RESULTS: Between July 2022 and October 2023 9947 SRI patients were enrolled, of whom 9743 were included in this analysis and 1620 (16.6 %) died (Kenya: 1533/7822 [20.0 %]; Mali: 87/1921 [4.5 %]). Compared to patients aged 12-24 years, those aged >64 years were more likely to die (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.36; 95 % Confidence Interval [95 % CI] 1.72-3.24). Patients who were in coma (aOR = 3.45; 95 %CI 2.27-5.24) or Intensive Care Unit (aOR = 2.98; 95 %CI 2.06-4.31), or had ...