Towards Sustainable Solutions: Assessing Rural Access to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation in Atyrau, Kazakhstan

作者：Zhanerke Bolatova, Riza Sharapatova, Yerlan Kabiyev, Ronny Berndtsson, Kamshat Tussupova · 发表于：Water · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/w17050664 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Child Nutrition and Water Access、Energy and Environment Impacts、Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and aim to promote sustainable global development by addressing poverty, inequality, and environmental sustainability. Among the key objectives of the SDGs, Goal 6 targets universal access to safely managed drinking water and sanitation by 2030, recognizing the critical link between water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH), and public health. However, global challenges persist, particularly in rural areas, where infrastructure deficits and socio-economic barriers hinder progress. In regions like rural Kazakhstan, where sanitation monitoring is limited and much of the water grid is substandard, addressing these gaps is essential to meet SDG 6 targets. For this purpose, we used structured questionnaires to assess water access, sanitation services, and a multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine the factors influencing households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for individual water supply systems in Atyrau households. Water sources, sanitation availability, and household practices were investigated offering insights into sustainable water and sanitation management. Indoor taps served 44.2% of households, while 60.5% used centralized systems for drinking water. Daily interruptions affected 19.9%, with 23.0% dissatisfied with quality. Outdoor toilets were used by 79.6%, and 43.7% relied on pit-filling. While 82.5% of respondents favored free individual water supply installations, only 11.6% were...