Temporal trends in the planetary health diet index and its association with cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases: A comprehensive analysis from global and individual perspectives

作者：Haoxian Tang, Xuan Zhang, Nan Luo, Jingtao Huang, Qinglong Yang, Hanyuan Lin, Mengyue Lin, Shiwan Wu, Jiasheng Wen, Jianan Hong, Pan Chen, Liwen Jiang, Yequn Chen, Xuerui Tan · 发表于：The journal of nutrition health & aging · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100520 · 被引用次数：19 · 研究领域：Nutritional Studies and Diet、Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact、Climate Change and Health Impacts

BACKGROUND: Diet plays a critical role in human health and environmental sustainability, particularly in cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic (CKM) diseases. However, the variations in the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) across populations, regions, and over time, as well as its association with CKM disease burdens, remain insufficiently explored. METHODS: We assessed PHDI scores using data from 185 countries (1990-2018) from the Global Dietary Database, examining demographic characteristics and temporal trends. The Global Burden of Disease Study was used to evaluate the associations between PHDI and CKM disease burdens, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years. CKM syndrome was defined by the American Heart Association. Individual-level data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were also used to assess the impact of PHDI on CKM risks and mortality. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2018, while overall PHDI scores remained relatively stable between sexes, the composition of PHDI scores shifted across different age groups. In 2018, the mean PHDI score was 42.80 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 42.49-46.50) for males and 44.65 (95% UI 44.53-47.82) for females. Higher PHDI scores were observed among females, older adults, urban residents, individuals with higher education, and those from South Asia. Globally, consumption of red/processed meat, saturated oils/trans fats, and added sugars substantially exceeded the EAT-Lanc...