Association of dietary carbohydrate ratio, caloric restriction, and genetic factors with breast cancer risk in a cohort study

作者：Jiu-Yang Liu, Ruizhe Zhang, Lang Ma, Pin Yang, Zuyou Wu, Yalin Chen, Jingyi Peng, Xiaojun Yang, Chaoqun Huang, Jing Yan · 发表于：Scientific Reports · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41598-025-90844-0 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Nutritional Studies and Diet、Diet and metabolism studies、Cancer Risks and Factors

The origin of breast cancer (BC) is widely considered to be a result of multiple factors, including both genetic and dietary influences. Dietary patterns shaped by calorie restriction—defined as reduced energy intake without inducing malnutrition, and varying ratios of the three major nutrients are thought to influence tumorigenesis. However, the complex interplay between caloric restriction, carbohydrate intake ratios, and genetic predisposition in influencing BC risk remains inadequately understood. This study aimed to explore these relationships in greater depth. A prospective cohort study which included 139,829 participants aged 40–72 years was conducted. We evaluated the association between dietary carbohydrate ratio under caloric restriction and the BC risk in a genetic risk group by using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The analysis also included a calculation of polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 304 breast cancer-associated genetic loci. A high dietary carbohydrate ratio pattern under caloric restriction was significantly associated with a 21% reduction in BC risk, respectively (HR G4 VS G1 = 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.97, P = 0.021), whereas a low PRS (lowest tertile) was associated with 0.84-fold decrease in risk (HR low VS high = 0.84, 95%CI 0.72–0.98, P = 0.032). Compared with other participants, those at intermediate genetic risk with low carbohydrate ratio above caloric restriction showed a higher risk of BC (HR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.01–1.90, P = 0.041). In th...