High toughness of 3D printed ceramic/polymer interpenetrating phase composite with gradient structures under multi-directional stresses

作者：Jiamin Su, Liang Guo, Hongji Zhu, Qian Jiang, Tian Gan, Peng Cai, Qingmao Zhang · 发表于：Journal of Materials Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1007/s10853-025-10658-3 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies、Advanced ceramic materials synthesis、Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials

Zirconia possesses high strength and good biocompatibility, but the inherent brittleness limits its further application. Inspired by the biomimetic structures, the interpenetrating phases have been demonstrated a toughening effect on brittle ceramic. In practical application, materials are subjected to stresses in different directions, which makes the toughening of materials more complex. This work reports a method of fabricating ceramic/polymer composite by 3D printing, and proposes three gradient structures with varying porosity in Z/XY/XYZ different directions for toughening. Composite infiltrated with hard-tough polymer prevents catastrophic failure and shows an increase of 400% in toughness. Under different directions of stresses, composites with gradient structures all display an enhancement in toughness compared with the uniform structure. The gradient changes in Z/XY/XYZ are able to achieve high toughness under multidirectional stresses, meeting the requirements of practical applications in different fields.