Comprehensive management of gastrointestinal fistulas in necrotizing pancreatitis: a review of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches

作者：DuJiang Yang, Lingrui Yue, Bowen Tan, Weiming Hu, Li Mao, Huimin Lü, Huimin Lü · 发表于：Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1080/17474124.2025.2469835 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment、Abdominal vascular conditions and treatments、Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal fistula (GIF) is a rare but severe complication in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis (NP), significantly prolonging disease course and increasing morbidity and mortality. Its subtle and nonspecific early symptoms often delay diagnosis and intervention. Despite its clinical significance, the low incidence of GIF in NP has resulted in limited research and a lack of consensus on optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED: This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic management of GIF in NP patients. Imaging techniques, such as contrast-enhanced computed tomography and endoscopy, have been integral to early diagnosis. Advances in interventional and surgical techniques provide new avenues for treatment, but variability in clinical practice highlights the need for standardized protocols. EXPERT OPINION: Recent advances in diagnostic imaging have improved the detection of GIF, while innovations in interventional and surgical treatments show promise. Current research is still insufficient and varied. Future research should focus on developing diagnostic methods and treatment measures for such complications. By improving early diagnosis and offering insights into effective management strategies, it is hoped that patient outcomes can be improved.