Effects of Delayed Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield, Canopy Structure, and Microenvironment of Winter Wheat with Different Planting Densities

作者：Zhilin Shi, Tingyong Mao, Long Ma, Hongyi Pan, Jiahao Liu, Desheng Wang, Lili Yang, Yunlong Zhai · 发表于：Agronomy · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/agronomy15020502 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Crop Yield and Soil Fertility、Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management

Nitrogen fertilizer setback and planting density both affect wheat yield. However, the differences in winter wheat yield and its components, canopy structure, and microenvironment caused by N fertilizer setback at different planting densities are not clear. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the most suitable planting density and N fertilizer setback combinations for winter wheat. Three planting densities of 3.3, 2.36, and 1.77 million plants·hm−2, and two basal fertilizer/nodulation and fertilizer/spike fertilizer ratios of 6:4:0 and 4:3:3, respectively, were used in the experiment. The results of the two-year experiment showed that, under the same planting density, the yields of wheat with nitrogen fertilizer setback increased by 8.2%, 2.7%, and 2.8%, respectively; the total leaf area of the upper trifoliate leaves increased by 10.7–17.4%; and the leaf area index (LAI) increased by 5.4% and 5.3%, respectively. The results showed that the yield, the effective number of spikes, leaf area index, and vertical light interception of wheat at a density of 3.30 million plants·hm−2 were higher than those of the other treatments. In both years of the experiment, the planting density of 3.30 million plants·hm−2 with nitrogen fertilizer setback (basal fertilizer/nodulation fertilizer/spike fertilizer = 4:3:3) was the best. Therefore, a nitrogen application of 240 kg·hm−2 and a planting density of 3.30 million hm−2 with nitrogen fertilizer setback was found to be t...