Foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particle vaccine incorporating dominant T and B cell epitopes: enhanced immune response in piglets with CD154 molecules

作者：Yuwan Li, Weijun Zeng, Xinni Niu, Zhongmao Yuan, Shurou Li, Jinru Lin, Kaiyuan Xie, Zixiang Zhu, Yi Lin, Hongxing Ding, Mingqiu Zhao, Shuangqi Fan, Jinding Chen · 发表于：Frontiers in Veterinary Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fvets.2025.1540102 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology、Viral Infections and Immunology Research、Animal Virus Infections Studies

Introduction: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease caused by FMDV, resulting in vesicular lesions in cloven-hoofed animals and posing significant economic threats to the livestock industry. VLP vaccines, which lack viral genetic material and are non-infectious, demonstrate superior safety compared to traditional inactivated vaccines. This study employs ADDomer, a novel adenovirus-based VLP framework, to display FMDV antigenic epitopes on the VLP surface. Additionally, FMDV capsid proteins can assemble into VLPs, offering innovative approaches for developing more efficient and safer FMDV vaccines. Methods: -VP0. The other VLP, ADDomer-BBT, fused B-and T-cell epitopes from FMDV O-type VP1 into the ADDomer platform, with porcine CD154 expressed as an immune enhancer. Expression conditions were optimized, and proteins were purified. The VLPs, combined with porcine CD15 molecular adjuvant, were evaluated for immunogenicity in piglets. Results: After purification, both VLPs displayed virus-like structures under electron microscopy. Immunization in piglets induced high levels of FMDV-specific and neutralizing antibodies, enhanced cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ, and increased lymphocyte proliferation. The CD154-added group showed higher immune responses. Discussion: The VLP vaccines effectively induced strong cellular and humoral immune responses, with CD154 enhancing efficacy. These findings provide insights for developing safer, more effective FMDV vaccines ...