Energy metabolism in health and diseases

作者：Hui Liu, Shuo Wang, Jianhua Wang, Xin Guo, Yujing Song, Kun Fu, Zhenjie Gao, Danfeng Liu, Wei He, Leilei Yang · 发表于：Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41392-025-02141-x · 被引用次数：371 · 研究领域：Mitochondrial Function and Pathology、Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism、Metabolism and Genetic Disorders

Energy metabolism is indispensable for sustaining physiological functions in living organisms and assumes a pivotal role across physiological and pathological conditions. This review provides an extensive overview of advancements in energy metabolism research, elucidating critical pathways such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, along with their intricate regulatory mechanisms. The homeostatic balance of these processes is crucial; however, in pathological states such as neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer, extensive metabolic reprogramming occurs, resulting in impaired glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, which accelerate disease progression. Recent investigations into key regulatory pathways, including mechanistic target of rapamycin, sirtuins, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, have considerably deepened our understanding of metabolic dysregulation and opened new avenues for therapeutic innovation. Emerging technologies, such as fluorescent probes, nano-biomaterials, and metabolomic analyses, promise substantial improvements in diagnostic precision. This review critically examines recent advancements and ongoing challenges in metabolism research, emphasizing its potential for precision diagnostics and personalized therapeutic interventions. Future studies should prioritize unraveling the regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism and the dynamics of intercellul...