MiR-451 in Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Applications—A Comprehensive Review Beyond Oncology

作者：Feixiang Wang, Guo Mu, Zihang Yu, Zhen-Shan Qin, Xing Zhao, Zu-an Shi, Xin Fan, Li Liu, Ye Chen, Jun Zhou · 发表于：Current Issues in Molecular Biology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/cimb47020127 · 被引用次数：11 · 研究领域：MicroRNA in disease regulation、Circular RNAs in diseases、Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions

MicroRNAs play crucial roles in regulating inflammatory responses and disease progression. Since its identification on chromosome 17q11.2 in 2005, miR-451 has emerged as a key regulator of multiple physiological and pathological processes. While its role in cancer has been extensively documented, accumulating evidence reveals miR-451's broader significance in inflammatory conditions through the regulation of NF-κB, AMPK, and PI3K signaling pathways. This comprehensive review systematically analyzes miR-451's multifaceted functions in inflammatory diseases, with particular focus on ischemia-reperfusion injury, arthritis, and acute organ injuries. We present compelling evidence for miR-451's potential as a diagnostic biomarker, demonstrating its distinctive expression patterns across various biological specimens and disease states. Furthermore, we elucidate how miR-451 modulates inflammatory responses through the regulation of immune cell populations, including microglia activation, macrophage polarization, and neutrophil chemotaxis. By integrating current evidence and bioinformatic analyses, we establish a theoretical framework linking miR-451's molecular mechanisms to its therapeutic applications. This review not only synthesizes the current understanding of miR-451 in inflammatory diseases but also provides critical insights for developing novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.