STAT3 Inhibition Prevents Adaptive Resistance and Augments NK Cell Cytotoxicity to KRASG12C Inhibitors in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer

作者：Zehao Pan, Yuxian Qian, Yajing Wang, T. Zhang, Xuming Song, Hongling Ding, Rutao Li, Yijian Zhang, Zi Wang, Hui Wang, Wenjie Xia, Lei Wei, Lin Xu, Gaochao Dong, Feng Jiang · 发表于：Cancer Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1111/cas.70017 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions、Immune Cell Function and Interaction、Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations

ABSTRACT KRAS G12C inhibitors exhibit conspicuous clinical response in KRAS G12C ‐mutant lung cancer, yet adaptive resistance, the rapid onset of intrinsic resistance, dampens their therapeutic success. Rational combination strategies could tackle this challenging problem. A high‐throughput screening of a pharmacological library with 423 compounds revealed that napabucasin, a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor, synergistically potentiated the growth inhibition effect of the KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib in sensitive and resistant KRAS G12C NSCLC cell lines. Functional assays further revealed that the coordinated targeting of KRAS with STAT3 improved the inhibitory effect on tumor growth and augmented the infiltration and activation of natural killer (NK) cells within the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, KRAS G12C inhibition induced compensatory activation of STAT3, contingent on concomitant suppression of downstream ERK signaling, abrogated by napabucasin. Moreover, we unveiled and verified the binding site of phosphorylated STAT3 at the HLA‐B promoter, an inhibitor ligand for NK cells. Our study dissected an unknown mechanism of adaptive resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors, with the STAT3 activation sustaining the regrowth of tumor cells under KRAS inhibition and up‐regulating HLA‐B transcription to dampen the cytotoxicity of infiltrated NK cells.